• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:AT509975A4
    申请号:T21622010
    申请日:2010-12-30
    公开日:2012-01-15
    发明作者:Christoph Messner
    申请人:Ait Austrian Inst Technology；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    * · I / * · I / »Λ Φ · # • I · / /
    The invention relates to a mobile hand orthosis according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Devices for the therapy of the fingers or devices, with which the fingers of a patient are moved passively, are known from the prior art in various embodiments. These are not devices for strengthening the finger muscles, in which the patient has to move his fingers against a force, but the movement is carried out by applying an external force, which moves the fingers in the desired direction and position. This stimulates the nerves.
    Various hand orthoses are known from the prior art, which are constructed as stationary stationary devices. The patient's hand is strapped to the device and the fingers are then stimulated to move for a certain time. The patient sits next to the device for the duration of the treatment. However, such devices require a lot of space, are structurally complex and expensive and severely limit the mobility of the patient, so they are only suitable for temporary inpatient treatment and thus only for short-term therapies.
    Especially the movement stimulation of the thumb is very complex and much more difficult to understand than the planar movement of the other fingers. Since the saddle-shaped articular surfaces of the large polygonal bone and the first metacarpal bone are transverse to each other, movements about two main axes perpendicular to each other are possible. The movements around these major axes are described differently in textbooks:
    The one thumb axis - it lies because of the vault shape of the carpal at an angle to the hand level - the thumb is opposed and repositioned. In opposition, he faces the other fingers to form the tongs. Repositioned, he lies with them in one plane. The second main axis is perpendicular to the previous one. The abduction and adduction of the thumb occurs around them. Abduction means distraction of the first metacarpal with thumb, adduktion of its application to the hand in re- or opposition. When the thumb is spread radially away from the index finger, it takes repositions and abduction at the same time. If he is spread across the other fingers palmar (open tongs), he is abducted and opposed in the saddle joint. Most thumb movements are such combination movements about both axes of the saddle joint. (Source: Klaus Uhlmann: Textbook of the Anatomy of the
    Musculoskeletal System, Source & Meyer Verlag GmbH & Co., Wiesbaden, 4th, thoroughly revised and updated edition 1996, p. 210)
    At rest, the longitudinal axis of the trapezoidal saddle is offset by palmar at 30-45 ° with respect to the axis of the carpal. About this axis, the thumb can be guided by about 30 ° to the dorsal direction (extension) and brought by about 40 ° obliquely forward (flexion). The thumb can be adducted and abducted around the abduction axis perpendicular to the axis of flexion. At rest, the thumb is abduced by about 30-40 °. From this position it can be abducted by about 10 ° further from the index finger beam in the palmoradial direction. The adduction is approximately 30-40 "from the rest position (pressing the thumb to the index finger.) In the thumb circumference (circumduction) there is a combination of adduction, abduction, flexion, and extension, as opposed to a combination of adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the thumb (Source: Detlev Drenckhahn in Benninghoff, Alfred: Anatomy: macroscopic anatomy, embryology and histology of man, eds, by Detlev Drenckhahn and Wolfgang Zenker, Urban & Schwarzenberg Verlag, Munich - Vienna -Baltimore, 15th, completely reworked Edition 1994, p. 448)
    From this it can be seen that it is very difficult to carry out a passive movement of the thumb realistically. In US 2010/0217168 a device is described which overcomes the fundamental disadvantage of the stationary stationary device and describes a mobile hand strap which can be buckled around the wrist. With this hand orthosis, however, a complex close-to-reality movement of the thumb is not possible, but only a single forced movement of the thumb takes place in an opposition position and back. Neither is the targeted positioning of the thumb nor are complex movements possible. Even a controlled bending and stretching of the thumb is not possible.
    Other devices, such as CN 101433491 A, describe orthotics that allow flexion and extension of the thumb but no opposition movement.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive device, with both a bending and stretching movement of the thumb and an opposition movement or a targeted positioning of the
    Thumb is feasible. At the same time, the orthosis should be comfortable for the patient to wear and effective therapy.
    This object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. In order to allow not only the movement of the thumb in opposition position and back but also a flexion and extension of the thumb, at least one fastener fastened more distally on the finger end member or finger base member of the thumb is provided. It act on second movement means which are arranged on the fastening element, that a bending and stretching movement of the thumb can be carried out.
    Both the first movement means for the circumduction and the second movement means are actuated via the drive unit, wherein the movement means are actuated independently of each other. Thereby, the thumb ring and the fastener can be moved independently. In this way complex realistic movements of the thumb around all axes are possible and not only planar movements, but real gripping movements can be performed. This makes it possible to stimulate the nerves of the fingers authentically with very little control engineering effort, it can even be actually grasped and held objects. Such a therapy is much more effective and stimulating than a mere passive reciprocation of the fingers. In this way, a purposeful, task-oriented therapeutic training can be carried out.
    Due to the small size and low weight of the device, the hand orthosis can be used mobile and portable and the patient is not bound to a stationary stand device. In this way, the therapies can also be carried out for extended periods of time and without affecting the patient's mobility.
    Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims:
    A very simple, yet precise type of movement is characterized in that the first and second movement means traction means, such as ropes or wires, which optionally extend in sections in Bowden cables, and exert only tensile forces on the thumb ring and / or each fastener. Although it is also possible that the moving means as rigid or rigid pressure means, e.g. are designed as rigid bars, but the design as a traction means among other things, space-saving,
    A preferred embodiment provides that at least three, preferably four, traction means are provided as the first movement means, which are arranged on the thumb ring at regular intervals from each other or pull in different directions. In this way, the thumb can be brought into opposition position and back and positioned very selectively or a circumduction can be performed.
    A comfortable and comfortable to wear embodiment advantageously provides that each fastening element and / or the thumb ring is designed as a flexible loop.
    In this context, it is particularly advantageous if two adjacent fasteners are provided. In this way, the thumb can be bent and stretched realistically, in particular when the two fasteners are parallel to each other in each case on the finger end member and the finger middle member or on the finger middle member and the finger base member and about 1 to 2 cm apart.
    In order to be able to fix the hand better in the desired position and to be able to build up the desired resistances, it is advantageous if a rigid inner forming rail or plate, which can be applied to the inside of the hand, and optionally also a rigid outer forming rail which can be applied to the back of the hand, or Plate are provided, which can be connected to one another via flexible means and thereby fitting fit and fixed in position can be applied to the hand. This allows the movements of the fingers to be controlled very precisely and accurately,
    An alternative advantageous embodiment is characterized in that on the inside hand between the inner mold rail and the thumb ring a rigid and rigid bending spacer device is provided, which is fixed rigidly and firmly on the thumb ring and articulated on the inner mold rail via a hinge or, movably. This allows the thumb ring to move on a plane at a constant distance from the joint. This is a very pleasant, realistic movement for the thumb.
    In this context, it is advantageous to provide that the thumb ring is rigid. As a result, the precision of the finger movements can be controlled even better.
    Advantageously, it is provided in such a device that are provided as the first moving means on the thumb ring a maximum of two acting in opposite directions, approximately opposing, traction means. Here, the distance device and the first movement means cooperate so that a targeted positioning of the thumb or a circumduction is possible. Compared to before
    described embodiment can account for two traction means, whereby the device is structurally somewhat simpler.
    In order to reduce the contact pressure between thumb and thumb ring and to make the portability comfortable and at the same time to adapt the device to different thumb diameters and to ensure a good fit, which in turn allows precise control, it is advantageous if on the inside of the thumb ring a soft cushion element is arranged.
    A further advantageous embodiment provides that at least one security element is provided on the movement means by which the application of force to the drive unit can be interrupted when a limit load is exceeded. In this way, overstretching of the fingers and any injury associated therewith are avoided.
    A very convenient embodiment provides that a glove is provided, in which the entire hand can be used, wherein the thumb ring, all fasteners, the drive unit and optionally the mold rails, are arranged fixed in position on the outer surface of the glove. In this way it is ensured that the parts important for the movement are in the desired positions. In addition, the donning is very easy for the patient and eliminates a tedious attachment of individual rings and loops.
    A space-saving possibility is characterized in that the drive unit is arranged on the outer mold rail.
    In order to increase the therapeutic effectiveness, it can be provided that a control unit is provided, with which the movements of the first and second movement means can be selectively controlled, wherein in particular a real gripping movement or a forceps grip between thumb and forefinger is feasible. Due to the independence of the movement forces from each other, the control is much easier.
    In order to stimulate not only the thumb, but also other fingers, it may be advantageously provided that further fastening elements and further, optionally partially extending in Bowden cables, movement means are provided, which are connectable to at least one, preferably all, fingers other than the thumb and cause a passive bending and stretching movement of these fingers.
    Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.
    The invention is illustrated schematically with reference to two advantageous embodiments in the drawings and will be described below with reference to the drawings, for example.
    Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a hand orthosis according to the invention seen from the back of the hand.
    Fig. 2 shows the hand orthosis of FIG. 1 seen from the inside of the hand.
    Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment seen from the back of the hand.
    Fig. 4 shows the alternative embodiment of FIG. 3 seen from the inside of the hand.
    5 shows the hand orthosis according to FIG. 3 in a neutral position.
    FIG. 6 shows the hand orthosis according to FIG. 3 with the thumb in FIG
    Opposition position.
    In Figs. 1 and 2, a first embodiment of the hand orthosis according to the invention is shown. In both figures, the hand 31 is shown in a neutral position, that is, without significant tensile load that would act on the thumb 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2 is not a glove, but the individual rings and loops are attached directly to the fingers 5, 12 of the hand 31.
    Here, a thumb ring 1 is initially provided in the form of a soft flexible loop. The thumb ring 1 surrounds the metacarpal bone of the thumb 5 or fits snugly against it. On the thumb ring 1 first moving means 2 are arranged, and at four regularly spaced positions along the circumference of the thumb ring 1. These first movement means 2 are traction means in the form of thin wires, In this way can on the thumb ring 1 on the first movement means 2 a pulling action in four different directions are exercised. As can be seen in FIG. 1, two of the first movement means 2 extend along the back of the hand 31 into a drive unit 3 arranged on the back of the hand. The drive unit 3 serves to control and actuate these first movement means 2. As can be seen in FIG two other first movement means 2 along the inner side of the hand and open on the opposite side in the drive unit 3 a. The positions at which the first movement means 2 open into the drive unit 3 are chosen such that, as already mentioned, the thumb ring 1 can be pulled as specifically as possible in all directions and thus positively positioned. Especially in the case of the, as shown in Fig. 2, palm inside running first movement means 2, the pulling direction is carried out by appropriate
    Deflection of the wires. In this way, a complete circumduction of the thumb 5 can take place exclusively by appropriate control of the tensile forces on the first movement means 2.
    Furthermore, the hand orthosis comprises two fastening elements 7, 8 which are fastened further distally on the thumb 5, namely on the finger end member, finger middle member or finger base member. These are flexible loops or loops that embrace the thumb closely. These are spaced apart and arranged substantially parallel to each other at a distance of about 2 cm. At this fastening elements 7, 8 engage second moving means 6, which are arranged so that thereby a bending and stretching movement of the thumb 5 between the finger end member, finger middle member and finger base member is feasible. As can be seen from FIG. 1, a second movement means 6 runs along the outside of the thumb 5 and opens into the drive unit 3. The other second movement means 6 runs, as can be seen in FIG. 2, along the thumb inside and further along the palm of the hand to the opposite side of the drive unit 3. The second movement means 6 are also formed as traction means in the form of thin wires. Depending on which second movement means 6, a train is exerted by the drive unit 3, there is a bending or opposite extension movement of the thumb. 5
    In sections, the first and second movement means 2, 6 extend in Bowden cables 4.
    It is essential that the first movement means 2 and the second movement means 6, in particular completely, run separately from one another and are moved independently of one another by the drive unit 3. Thus, with the hand orthosis, both a bending and stretching movement and, independently of this, a circumduction or opposition or adduction movement or even only one of these two types of movement can be carried out.
    Furthermore, a rigid, applied to the back of the hand outer shape rail or plate 13 is provided. On this outer rail 13, the drive unit 3 is fixed. On the inside of the hand an inner mold rail or plate 15 is provided. The two form rails 13, 15 are connected to each other via a plurality of flexible means or elastics and thereby fit snugly and positionally fixed to the hand 31 at. In this way, an exact positioning and control of the tensile forces of the moving means 2, 6 is possible.
    In order to move the other fingers 12, additional movement means 9 are additionally provided in the form of cables, which engage further fasteners 10, 11. In this way, these fingers 12 can
    also be bent and stretched, whereby these movements for each finger independently of the others are feasible.
    The complex movement sequences and the actuation of the first and second movement means 2 and 6 are controlled by a control unit located in the drive unit 3. In this way, a movement therapy can be individually tailored to the respective patient and individual exercise sequences are programmed in time coordinated.
    At the thumb 5 facing the inside of the thumb ring 1, a soft cushion element can be arranged. The purpose of this is to provide the best fit for each thumb diameter to make the control of the thumb as precise as possible. It also increases the wearing comfort.
    For safety reasons, it is advantageous to provide a, possibly magnetic, safety element, by means of which the force application between the movement means 2, 6 and the drive unit 3 is interrupted when a limit load is exceeded. The security element can either be contained in the drive unit 3 or it is self-breaking points incorporated in the movement means 2, 6, which break when a certain force is exceeded and release the fingers. A second alternative embodiment is described in Figs. This is a glove into which the entire hand 31 of the patient can be inserted. The thumb ring 1, the fastening elements 7, 8, the forming rails 13, 15 and the drive unit 3 are all arranged on the outside of the glove, as well as the further movement means 9 or fasteners 10, 11 for the other fingers 12. In this way The patient the hand orthosis very easy and easy to climb and a tedious attachment of the individual loops and loops deleted. At the same time, the individual components are fixed in the correct position and the patient can hardly make mistakes when applying the hand orthosis. For example, thumb ring 1 always correctly engages the metacarpal bone, while fastening elements 7, 8 engage more distally. However, certain disadvantages may arise when very small or very large hands that do not fit into the glove need to be treated. In this case, a device according to FIGS. 1 and 2 may be more advantageous.
    Another essential difference from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is that in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 6 a rigid and bending-resistant spacer device 20 is provided. This spacer device 20 extends the inside of the hand thumb ring 1 toward the inner rail 15. Die
    Distance device 20 is rigidly and firmly attached to the thumb ring 1 and attached to the inner rail 15 via a joint 21 movable or articulated.
    The spacer device 20 itself is rigid and flexurally rigid and may be configured in the form of a simple rod or a spacer rod, or, as shown in Fig. 4, in the form of two V-shaped elongated spacer rods, between the two spacer rods is a Bowden cable 4 attached, in which the competent for the bending of the thumb 5 second movement means or, rope 6, The attachment of the Bowden cable 4 to the spacer device 20 has the advantage that tensile forces caused by the bending of the Bowden cable 4, not on the Thumb 5 rendered. The cable 6 can at the hinge point 21 in or under the form of rail 15 and thereby concealed to the remaining opposite Bowden cables 4 (shown in Fig. 4 on the right side of the hand 31) are guided to open from there into the drive unit 3 ,
    In this embodiment, the thumb ring 1 is not soft and flexible, but rigid and rigid, whereby a better connection of the spacer device 20 is ensured. This also offers the use of an inner cushioning element to ensure comfort and to embrace the thumb as closely as possible and snug fit.
    In this way, a certain minimum distance between the thumb 1 and the joint 21 is always predetermined and the movement of the thumb 5 can only take place in the plane predetermined by the joint 21. This is a very natural and pleasant movement that allows for beneficial therapy.
    As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, only two mutually opposite traction means acting in opposite directions are provided as the first movement means 2. In Fig. 3 it can be seen that the first moving means 2 acts on the outside of the thumb ring 1 and opens on the back of the hand in the side of the drive unit 3. In Fig. 4 it can be seen that the other first movement means 2 extends over the palm of the hand and opens into the opposite side of the drive unit 3. Instead of four first movement means 2, as was the case with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, only two first movement means 2 are required in this embodiment. In cooperation with the spacer device 2, however, the full movement of the middle bone of the thumb 5 is ensured and a very targeted positioning of the thumb 5 can be achieved.
    The remaining features are analogous to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
    It can also be seen in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 how the movement of the fingers 5, 12 can take place.
    In Fig. 3, the fingers 12 and the thumb 5 are stretched and splayed by the first outer movement means 2 and the second outer movement means 6 are tensioned. As a result, the thumb 5 is pulled outward and additionally stretched independently of it,
    In Fig. 5, the hand 31 and the fingers 5, 12 rest in a neutral position. The moving means 2 and 6 are not train loaded.
    In Fig. 6, the thumb 5 is pulled by the inner first movement means 2 in opposition position. In addition, the thumb 5 is bent by tensile load on the inner second moving means 6.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Mobile, portable hand orthosis for passive movement of fingers in the course of a therapy, for reversible attachment to a hand (31) of a patient, comprising a thumb ring (1) for grasping the metacarpal bone of the thumb (5), with on the thumb ring ( 1) engaging, via a arranged on the Handorthese drive unit (3) operable first movement means (2) which are arranged on the thumb ring (1) that the thumb (5) in opposition position and can be brought back or a circumduction is feasible, characterized in that further at least one further distal to the finger end member and / or finger base member of the thumb (5) attachable fastener (7.8) is provided with it attacking, via the drive unit (3) operable, second movement means (6), the so on the fastener (7,8) are arranged so that a bending and stretching movement of the thumb (5) can be carried out, wherein the thumb ring (1) and the Befestigungsel ement (7,8) are independently movable.
    [2]
    2. Hand orthosis according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second movement means (2,6) traction means, such as ropes or wires, which optionally extend in sections in Bowden cables (4), and the only tensile forces on the thumb ring (1). and / or each fastener (7, 8).
    [3]
    3. Hand orthosis according to claim 2, characterized in that as first movement means (2) at least three, preferably four, traction means are provided which are arranged on the thumb ring (1) at regular intervals from each other or pull in different directions.
    [4]
    4. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each fastening element (7,8) and / or the thumb ring (1) is designed as a flexible loop.
    [5]
    5. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that two adjacent fastening elements (7,8) are provided.
    [6]
    6. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a rigid, antegbare on the inner side inner mold rail or plate (15) and / or a rigid, can be applied to the back of the hand outer mold rail or plate (13) are, via flexible means (14) connectable to each other and thus fit to fit and fixed in position on the hand (31) are antegbar.
    [7]
    7. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the inside hand between the inner rail (15) and the thumb ring (1) a rigid and rigid deflection spacer device (20) is provided on the thumb ring (1) rigid and stable and on the inner mold rail (15) is articulated or movably mounted above a hinge (21).
    [8]
    8. Hand orthosis according to claim 7, characterized in that the thumb ring (1) is rigid.
    [9]
    9. Hand orthosis according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that as a first movement means (2) on the thumb ring (1) a maximum of two acting in opposite directions, approximately opposite, traction means are provided.
    [10]
    10. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the inside of the thumb ring (1) a soft cushion element is arranged.
    [11]
    11. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that on the movement means (2,6) at least one security element is provided, by the force superimposed on the drive unit (3) is interrupted when a limit load is exceeded.
    [12]
    12. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a glove is provided, in which the entire hand (31) is replaceable, wherein the thumb ring (1), all fastening elements (7,8), the drive unit (3 ) and optionally the forming rails (13, 15) are arranged fixed in position on the outer surface of the glove.
    [13]
    13. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drive unit (3) on the outer mold rail (13) is arranged.
    [14]
    14. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a control unit is provided, with which the movements of the first and second movement means (2,6) is selectively controllable, in particular a real gripping movement or a forceps grip between thumb ( 5) and index finger (12) is feasible.
    [15]
    15. Hand orthosis according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that further fastening elements (10,11) and further, optionally in sections in Bowden cables (4) extending, movement means (9) are provided which with at least one, preferably all, other Fingers (12) as the thumb (5) are connectable and cause a passive bending and stretching movement of these fingers (12). Vienna, December 30, 2010
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT509975B1|2012-01-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3967321A|1975-02-05|1976-07-06|Indiana University Foundation|Electrically driven hand orthosis device for providing finger prehension|
    JP2005080872A|2003-09-09|2005-03-31|Hokuto Kogyo Kk|Rehabilitation apparatus for finger|DE102015007327A1|2015-02-20|2016-08-25|Gernot Sümmermann|Rehabilitation device for improving finger motor skills|
    CN112773661A|2020-12-28|2021-05-11|燕山大学|Exoskeleton forefinger function rehabilitation robot|
    CN104606026A|2013-11-05|2015-05-13|崔建忠|Automatic finger rehabilitative apparatus|
    法律状态:
    2016-08-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20151230 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT21622010A|AT509975B1|2010-12-30|2010-12-30|MOBILE, PORTABLE HAND ORDER|AT21622010A| AT509975B1|2010-12-30|2010-12-30|MOBILE, PORTABLE HAND ORDER|
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